Suspected Red Tide Victim

Editor’s Note: The Brown Pelican is part of the CROW CAW (Case A Week) series, which tells the stories of the patients at the Clinic for the Rehabilitation of Wildlife on Sanibel Island, the dangers they face, and how we can help protect all of our wildlife. Read previous cases here.

CROW suspects this Brown Pelican (25-364) is a victim of the red tide blooming along the coast of Southwest Florida. Red tide is a phenomenon caused by the microscopic algae Karenia brevis. These algae contain brevetoxin, a bioaccumulative toxin which affects the nervous system. Victims of red tide, like this juvenile pelican, often become uncoordinated, weak, unable to blink, and experience head tremors. Continual brevetoxin exposure is fatal if left untreated.

Time is of the essence when it comes to treatment for red tide toxicosis. An intravenous (IV) catheter was inserted into the pelican’s ulnar vein (in the wing) on its first day in care for the administration of Intravenous Lipid Emulsion (IVLE). IVLE binds the fat-soluble toxin from the animal’s tissue and returns it to the bloodstream. It is then metabolized by the liver and excreted in urine and feces. In other words, this treatment helps remove the toxin from the patient.

Post-IVLE, our team will provide supportive care as the patient regains its strength over the next few weeks. This includes treatment for any secondary injuries obtained while the patient was affected, such as eye ulcers, as well as “tub time” and “recess” with any other pelican patients that may come in to CROW. Eventually, the patient will move to an outdoor rehabilitation enclosure before release.

Red tide affects juvenile pelicans more frequently than adults, as they tend to scavenge for their meals. They eat fish killed by high concentrations of brevetoxins, which then accumulate within the young pelican. Although K. brevis is naturally present in the gulf, nitrogen-rich runoff from freshwater sources, especially those polluted by fertilizers and septic systems, can worsen and prolong algal blooms. Any animal exposed to brevetoxins, whether in the water, the air, or their food sources, can be affected. Call CROW’s hospital if you suspect a wild animal is a victim of red tide.